У статті розглянуті особливості та функції Єдиної аграрної політики Європейського Союзу як складової
економічної політики. Продемонстровано, що незважаючи на визначені цілі ЄАП, реалізація політики поглиблює проблеми
нерівності у розподілі доходів аграріїв, руйнує конкуренцію на зовнішніх ринках та не створює достатніх стимулів для
поширення екологічного типу виробництва. Відзначені основні риси реформи ЄАП 2021-2027 рр., такі як: орієнтація
на більш справедливий розподіл державної допомоги серед сільськогосподарських виробників, стимулювання діяльності,
пов’язаної із позитивними зовнішніми ефектами, наприклад, екологічно чистого виробництва тощо. Проаналізовано,
що не зважаючи на визнання керуючими органами Європейського Союзу вищезазначених проблем, затверджених заходів
економічної політики не достатньо для їх подолання.
EU Common agricultural policy (CAP) exists for more than 50 years. This policy overpassed many reforms and
changes during such long period. CAP became modified in comparison with its original version. The article considers the features
and functions of the Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union as a component of economic policy. It is stressed that main
purposes of CAP in EU are farmers’ support and improvement in agricultural productivity, tackling climate change, maintaining
rural areas and landscapes across the EU. It is revealed that the CAP takes action with the income support through direct payments
which has to ensure income stability, market measures to deal with difficult market situations such as a sudden drop in demand or
a fall in prices as a result of a temporary oversupply on the market and rural development measures with national and regional
programmes to address the specific needs and challenges facing rural areas. It is important to overlook the whole transition period
and to learn what was done well and where more efforts have to be done. Although CAP helped to achieve EU’s food security, the
implementation of the policy deepens the problems of inequality in the distribution of farmers' incomes, destroys competition in
foreign markets and does not create sufficient incentives for the spread of environmentally friendly production. For example, CAP
payments show that current CAP spending exacerbates income inequality within agriculture, while little funding supports climatefriendly
and biodiverse farming regions. New programmed period after the year 2020 is coming. CAP reform 2021-2027 targets
addressing the specific needs of the farm sector and rural areas regarding fairness–in terms of the distribution of income support,
as well as other tools and features of the CAP. Also is expected from the new CAP to face growing challenges in relation to climate
change, biodiversity loss and management of natural resources. It is analyzed that despite the recognition of the above-mentioned
problems by the European Union, the approved economic policy measures and incentives are not enough to overcome them.
Keywords: feconomic policy, agrarian policy, Common agricultural policy, European Union, state aid instruments, competition,
environmental pollution, rural areas, public administration, CAP reform.
