У статті розглянуто проблему використання механізмів психологічного захисту як специфічних засобів соціально-психологічної адаптації особистості в юнацькому віці. Досліджено особливості механізмів психологічного захисту студентів другого курсу навчання економічних спеціальностей. Виявлено комплекс психологічних захистів досліджуваних, що домінує, і який належить до "інтелектуального" захисного стилю. Розглянуто особливості ієрархії механізмів психологічного захисту за ґендерними ознаками респондентів.
В статье рассмотрена проблема использования механизмов психологической защиты как специфических средств социально-психологической адаптации личности в юношеском возрасте. Исследованы особенности механизмов психологической защиты студентов второго курса обучения экономических специальностей. Выявлено комплекс психологических защит испытуемых, доминирует, и который относится к "интеллектуального" защитного стиля. Рассмотрены особенности иерархии механизмов психологической защиты по гендерными признаками респондентов.
The article explores the psychological defense mechanisms as the specific means of sociopsychological verification of personality in adolescence. Mechanisms of psychological defense of students during the first years of study in the university were identified and ranked in these studies. Practical recommendations on overcoming the identity crisis have been developed on this basis. Analysis of the data showed that students often use such psychological defenses as "projection", "rationalization", "compensation", "regression", "negation" and "substitution". To remove the emotional tension that accompanies the professional development of students, such defenses as "reactive formation" and "displacement" are less used. According to the results of psychodiagnostics, the dominant complex of psychological defenses was established: "projection – rationalization – compensation". The next stage of the study was the analysis of the specifics usage of psychological defenses mechanisms by gender. The results showed that such mechanisms of defenses as "projection", "regression", "compensation", "reactive formation", "substitution" are dominated among the females students. The mechanisms of defenses "negation", "rationalization" and "displacement" are less frequently used. Male students most often use the mechanism of psychological defense "rationalization". Also, young men often use "projection" and "negation" as mechanisms of defenses. Such defenses as "substitution", "compensation" and "displacement" are used less often. "Regression" and "reactive formation" took the last places by frequency of use. It was concluded that 100 % of the respondents had different variations of all the eight mechanisms of psychological defenses presented. This confirms the full arsenal of defensive behavioral strategies among students. The presence of mixed types of protective behavioral personality strategies is also a confirmation of its flexibility in the process of psychosocial adaptation.
