Оцінка макросередовища логістичної діяльності в Україні

Abstract

Розглянуто сутність і складові макросередовища логістичної діяльності підприємства. Проаналізовано фактори міжнародного та національного логістичного макросередовища. Здійснено PEST-аналіз факторів макросередовища логістичної діяльності в Україні. Встановлено, що зовнішнє середовище підприємств логістичної сфери бізнесу є не досить сприятливим для їх ефективної діяльності. В більшій мірі негативно на підприємства впливають фактори економічної та соціальної сфери. Це свідчить про нестабільну економічну ситуацію в країні. Така позиція не дає можливості швидкого руху логістичних потоків, що не сприяє розвитку економіки в цілому по країні та по кожному окремому підприємству. Отримані результати можуть бути використані для формування логістичної стратегії керівниками і спеціалістами вітчизняних логістичних організацій та прийняття ним більш досконалих управлінських рішень.

The logistics system, like any material system, exists in a specific external environment, which covers all the elements and factors that are outside the system. The external environment includes objects external to the logistics system, which participate in the formation of its integration properties indirectly, through individual components of their systems or the system as a whole. And the most important group of environmental factors for the existence of the logistics system are the macro-environment factors. If the macro-environment is favorable, logistics activities will be able to develop successfully, under the influence of negative factors of the macroeconomic environment, it may decline. Therefore, its analysis is very important for organizations involved in logistics activities, strategic decisions, which indicates the relevance of the research topic.. During the research the methods of index analysis, trend-analysis. structure analysis, ranking method, PEST-analysis have been used. The essence and components of the enterprise logistics activity macroenvironment have considered. Factors of the international and national logistics macroenvironment have analyzed.The PEST-analysis of factors of the logistics activity macroenvironment in Ukraine has carried out. The influence of political and legal factors: Ukrainian-Russian armed conflict, growth of state institutions rating, unfinished legal framework, cooperation with EU, low rating of Ukraine on LPI indicator, imperfect state regulation, open policy have analyzed. Among the economic factors of influence GDP growth per capita, real wage growth, negative foreign trade balance, loss of international competitiveness, high inflation, unsatisfactory state of transport infrastructure, high interest rates on loans have considered. Social factors: population decline, reduction of unemployment, increase of democracy, reduction of higher education rating, low qualification of logistics specialists have studied. The influence of the following technological factors: unavailability of logistics experience of advanced countries, acceleration of technology development, availability of state program of sustainable logistics, significant number of digital innovations in logistics, improvement of digital mobile communications have assessed. It is established that the external environment of the enterprises of the logistics sphere of business is not favorable enough for their effective activity. Economic and social factors have a greater negative impact on enterprises. This indicates an unstable economic situation in the country. This position does not allow for the rapid movement of logistics flows, which does not contribute to the development of the economy as a whole in the country and for each individual enterprise. The obtained results can be used to form a logistics strategy by managers and specialists of domestic logistics organizations and make better management decisions.